SOD1 and Alzheimer disease: To further determine if our new antibody for trimeric SOD1 is specific to ALS, we compared binding in serum samples from 42 healthy control patients, ten Alzheimer’s disease (AD) control patients, ten Parkinson’s disease (PD) control patients, and 42 newly collected ALS patient blood samples (collected between October 2024 and May 2025) (Table 1).