To determine whether trimeric SOD1 is present in ALS patient samples we screened serum from 20 ALS patients (Table 1, Archived ALS samples) and three healthy controls for endogenous antibodies targeting structurally distinct SOD1 conformations: wild-type dimeric SOD1 (WT), stabilized trimeric SOD1 (F20L-H46Q), and large insoluble SOD1 fibrils (A4V) (Fig. 1)(His-tag on the purified trimer had no significant effect on the binding of patient antibodies, and whole blood and serum show no significant difference, Figure S1 & S2)37. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.