Regarding atrial electrical remodeling, multiple studies have shown that various inflammatory factors, such as TNF (93–96) and PDGF (97), as well as NLRP3 inflammasome (98–100), can induce atrial electrical remodeling by inducing abnormal calcium processing, triggering abnormal PV electrical activity, shortening the atrial action potential duration, leading to inflammation related AF. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atrial fibrillation.