EGFR and Insulin resistance: In metabolic regulation, GRh3 exerts systemic protective effects on hepatic function by modulating critical targets including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance, while concurrently influencing forkhead box O (FOXO), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathways (Wang et al., 2024).