First, puerarin may bind to the Toll/interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) structural domain of the myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) protein, impede its binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and downregulate NF-κB p65 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) pathway activity to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal inflammatory injury in C57BL/6J mice (Hu et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Ureteral obstruction.