PHLDB1 and glioma: 32,33 Furthermore, only three of the variants identified in European GWAS were validated in East Asians (TERT, PHLDB1, and RTEL1).14 We compared the allele frequency of all 30 glioma germline variants identified previously and showed that there is large variation across populations, which likely explains why most adult glioma germline variants have not replicated across the European and East Asian GWAS.