IL6 and neoplasm: Butyrate, propionate, and acetate all reduce IL-6 and IL-12 production in a dose-dependent manner, butyrate and propionate also decrease monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression in LPS-treated monocytes, and the loss of SCFAs in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota moderates excessive immune activation, and inhibition of tumor growth may be suppressed (17).