Levels of AFP-L3%, PIVKA-II, GALAD, ASAP, GALAD-C, GAAP, C-GALAD and C-GALAD II significantly differed between the patient cohorts, with the highest levels seen in HCC, followed by CCA and with the lowest levels seen in benign liver diseases (p < 0.05; Table 2, Figs. 2A–2H). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.