AFP and liver cancer: Additionally, the AUC of GAP-TALAD in diagnosing early HCC was higher than the AUC of PIVKA-II, AFP-L3%, CA19-9, CEA and other diagnostic models in diagnosing early liver cancers; however, the AUC of AFP in diagnosing early HCC was also lower than the AUC of GALAD, GALAD-C, GAAP, C-GALAD and ASAP in diagnosing early liver cancers (Table 5).