This pharmacological properties may pave the way for therapeutic application of norUDCA in a broad range of cholestatic conditions (e.g., primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), cystic fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients, and ABCB4 deficiency such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis, and cholemic nephropathy) and metabolic conditions (e.g., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis, and alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency) [3, 4]). Here, ABCB4 is linked to sclerosing cholangitis.