Patients were classified based on a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test at an adequate titre, with criteria grouped into seven clinical domains (constitutional, haematologic, neuropsychiatric, mucocutaneous, serosal, musculoskeletal, and renal) and three immunological domains (antiphospholipid antibodies, complement proteins, and SLE-specific antibodies), weighted from 2 to 10. The gene discussed is VTN; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.