Immune dysfunction is triggered by many different interactions in the CLL TME, including chronic antigen exposure, cell-to-cell contacts (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1), soluble mediators (e.g., IL-10, GM-CSF, G-CSF), and environmental conditions (e.g., hypoxia) [5]. Here, CD274 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.