GRAMD1A and colorectal carcinoma: To confirm that the upregulation of GRAMD1A in KRAS-mutant CRC is mediated by H3K9la, we manipulated H3K9la levels at GRAMD1A promoter (Fig. 4I) and assessed GRAMD1A transcription using qPCR (Fig. 4J) and dual luciferase reporter assays (Fig. 4K) in isogenic DLD1 cell lines.