LPA and ischemic stroke: Multiple observational studies and meta-analyses have confirmed Lp(a) as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease using various cutoff levels and continuous scales.4, 5, 6 In first-time stroke patients, for example, Lp(a) levels >30 mg/dL or >100 nmol/L were associated with an increased recurrent vascular risk, indicating that elevated Lp(a) represents an important risk factor for residual vascular risk after ischemic stroke.7