These cells with G2/M arrest express Tgfb and Ctgf through an interaction between cyclin G1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 5, as well as via the histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9)/STAT1 signaling pathway, causing CKD with fibrosis (34, 35). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.