BSG and hepatocellular carcinoma: Liu and colleagues developed a CAR construct targeting CD147 and demonstrated that both CD147-CAR-T and CD147-CAR-NK cells effectively eliminated HCC cell lines and xenografts in vitro and in vivo [101] To improve antigen specificity and minimize off-tumor toxicity, the authors further designed a logic-gated GPC3–synNotch–inducible CD147-CAR system, which selectively killed dual-positive (GPC3+CD147+) tumor cells while sparing CD147+ normal cells.