In response to Coccidioides infection, Spp1+ macrophages express high levels of pro-inflammatory (Nos2, Tgfb1, Il1β, and Il6) and fibrotic/wound healing associated genes (Inhba, Spp1, Arg1, Pdgfb, and Fn1; Fig. 4C). Here, IL1B is linked to coccidioidomycosis.