PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways: PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a key signaling pathway in DGP, which is closely related to inhibition of apoptosis in ICC (25), activation of autophagy in ICC (45), inhibition of apoptosis in gastric smooth muscle (40), and regulation of oxidative stress (46). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.