IFNG and neoplasm: Studies have shown that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can reduce the loss of mitochondrial activity in colorectal cancer mice, promote the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment, increase IFN-γ production, and slow down tumor growth (Voltarelli et al., 2024); In terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, studies have shown that 24 weeks of aerobic exercise can increase the IFN-γ levels in blood samples of elderly individuals with cognitive frailty, thereby reducing inflammation (Ye et al., 2024).