In glioma-bearing mice, NT-I7 administered after radiation and temozolomide resulted in increased CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts and improved survival.16 In healthy adults, NT-I7 was well tolerated28 and markedly increased CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts while broadening T-cell receptor diversity.29 More recently, a compassionate-use case series with NT-I7 demonstrated increased total lymphocyte counts in 16 of 18 glioblastoma patients undergoing chemotherapy.30 Here, CD4 is linked to glioblastoma.