LTA and Stroke: TNFβ (also known as lymphotoxin alpha) and TNFRSF9 (also known as CD137), which activate downstream inflammatory pathways, increasing inflammation (Stahel et al., 2000; He et al., 2018) and CCL19, a protein involved in arteriole growth following ischemia (Nossent et al., 2017) that is correlated with worse outcome following stroke (Che et al., 2023).