Supporting this hypothesis, a study using a mouse model chronically exposed to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a prototypical neurotoxin used to model PD, reported altered methylation at intron 1 of SNCA in brain tissue, providing mechanistic evidence for toxin-induced epigenetic modulation of this gene (Schaffner and Kobor, 2022). This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.