Specifically, neuroinflammation-associated elevation of IL-1 signaling has been detected in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, major depression, anxiety disorders, and PTSD (Shaftel et al., 2008; Griffin et al., 1989; Sokolova et al., 2009; Schädlich et al., 2022; Stojakovic et al., 2017). Here, IL1B is linked to major depressive disorder.