NLRP3 and ulcerative colitis: Therefore, it has been investigated (159) that by modulating the intestinal microbiota, regulating macrophage polarization status and inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the over-activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles and the downstream caspase-1 pathway in macrophages, and, at the same time, promoting protein lactonization, attenuates inflammation in ulcerative colitis.There is an association between lactonization and the viral life cycle.