In tumor progression, M2b macrophages gradually occupy the M1 cell population through the CC L1/CCR8 axis, thereby forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment (85).M2c macrophages, also known as acquired inactivated macrophages (86), are macrophages stimulated by IL-10, TGF-β, or glucocorticoids, characterized by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as chemokines CCL16, CCL18, and CXCL13 (79). This evidence concerns the gene CCL18 and neoplasm.