NFKB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: During ALI, mitochondrial dysfunction is particularly pronounced in macrophages (Xia et al., 2022), and the release of mitochondrial ROS and mtDNA can activate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, including NF-κB and inflammasome pathways (Liu et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2015; Zhong et al., 2013; Lv et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2020).