HMOX1 and ulcerative colitis: Furthermore, Ekhtiar et al. found that a higher dosage of SA (50 mg/kg) significantly upregulated the expression of the antioxidant genes NRF2, HO-1, and NQO1, mitigating oxidative and inflammation in a model of experimental ulcerative colitis, while a lower dosages (10 mg/kg) did not elicit the same effect, indicating that SA dose-dependent activation of NRF2 pathway (Ekhtiar et al., 2023).