LCT and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: First, an analysis was conducted on sepsis patients without CKD, controlling for various factors such as age, sex, stroke, WBC, ALB, TBIL, Scr, CO2CP, Lac, cTnI, FIB, CRP, MAP, ABX < 1 h, 24-h fluid balance, SOFA score, infection site, CKD, DM, CHF, COPD, VAD, MV, and CRRT.