PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The treatment landscape for advanced NSCLC has seen a significant shift with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), in combination with chemotherapy, which become the main option for advanced NSCLC without gene mutations, and has shown synergy with chemotherapy[3, 4].