Through scRNA-seq analysis, we found that these five genes (SERPINH1 SE, MMP14 SE, COL5A1 SE, COL16A1 SE, and SPARC SE) were distributed in each cell subset in keloid but mainly enriched in fibroblast subsets, while SPARC SE and SERPINH1 SE were also enriched in endothelial cells (Fig. 5D). Here, COL16A1 is linked to keloid.