CD274 and neoplasm: However, reports are also conflicting across tumour types, as PTEN loss has been associated with both pro-inflammatory mechanisms through its role in DNA repair defects with deficient tumours having higher genomic instability leading to increased neoantigens and a higher probability of immune response, but also anti-inflammatory mechanisms through increased infiltration of T regulatory cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumour associated macrophages, and increased PD-L1 expression [45].