Conversely, stable overexpression (OE) of CypD resulted in a 5-fold reduction in lung metastasis when compared with control B16F10 cells transfected with pcDNA (Control) (Fig. 1g; Supplementary Fig. 1d), with no significant effect on cell proliferation in vitro or tumor growth in vivo (Supplementary Fig. 1e, f). This evidence concerns the gene PPIF and neoplasm.