TAPISTRY (NCT04589845) is a sponsor initiated clinical trial, and KOSMOS (NCT05525858) is a real-world pragmatic study organized by Korean Society of Medical Oncology and Korean Cancer Study Group; both are ongoing multi-center, open-­label, multi-cohort studies comprised of a framework to evaluate molecular profiling guided therapy based on genomic alterations, including ALK gene arrangements, using targeted and/or immunotherapies outside of the approved indications. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and cancer.