Eschenhagen P. et al. performed ex vivo analyses of Ki-67 expression in antigen-specific CD154 (+) T cells against bacterial and fungal respiratory pathogens in CF after the initiation of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy and showed a significant decrease in mean Ki-67 expression in antigen-specific CD154 (+) T cells against P. aeruginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Scedosporium apiospermum, and Candida albicans, but not Staphylococcus aureus or mean total serum IgG and IgE, and they showed a significant increase in BMI and FEV1 after the initiation of ETI treatment [25]. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and cystic fibrosis.