APOE and Alzheimer disease: These explored the role of the APOE polymorphism (n = 2) and the APOE4 allele (n = 13), associations between TREM2 mutation and late onset AD (n = 1), and associations between amyloid beta and bone remodeling (n = 1); bone-related biomarkers like DKK1, OPG, and TRAIL as predictors of cognitive change (n = 2); extracellular vesicles as bone–brain communication pathways (1); and the role of dementia-related genes (n = 1), AD-related CSF biomarkers (n = 1), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (n = 1) in osteoporosis–dementia pathophysiology.