APOE and osteoporosis: Similarly, Heikkinen et al. found no association between the presence of the E4 allele and lumbar and femoral neck BMD as well as baseline concentrations of bone biomarkers (osteocalcin, type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in 352 postmenopausal women (ages 47–56 years) recruited from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study [15], and Schoofs et al. found no association between APOE genotypes and BMD, bone loss, and the rate of wrist and hip fractures in the Rotterdam study (n = 5857, mean age 69.3 years) [18].