TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: For instance, hyperglycemia-induced generation of ROS and inflammatory factors, including TNF and IL-6 activate the NFκB signaling pathway, and subsequently upregulates the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and TGF-β1, which ultimately leads to cellular apoptosis, necrosis, and tissue fibrosis, all of which expedite the progression of DKD [425].