Notably, NOXA is implicated in fine-tuning apoptosis induction in cancer cells treated with genotoxic anticancer drugs, including paclitaxel (a microtubule targeting agent), bortezomib (a proteasome inhibitor), and MLN4924 (a CRL E3 ligase inhibitor) (Ploner et al., 2008). Here, PMAIP1 is linked to cancer.