In a similar setting, investigating potential herbal PAK1-inhibitors (PAK1 or RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1, is a major oncogenic kinase), an early study of 2016 tested the effects of cucurbitacin I on the growth of cancer or normal hair cells, and melanogenesis in the cell culture of A549 lung cancer, and B16F10 melanoma, highlighting its potential to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells with an IC50 of 140 nM [28]. This evidence concerns the gene PAK1 and cancer.