GCG and diabetes mellitus: In detail, 1130 patients in the UC group and 1140 in the CD group were taking GLP-1 RAs, while the others were administered with other types of diabetes treatments [i.e., sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones or metformin].