MPO and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Calycosin demonstrated efficacy by lowering TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, suppressing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and inhibiting NF-κB/p65 expression and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK, contributing to its therapeutic efficacy in AP [32].