MMP2 and neoplasm: Animal studies have revealed that exercise regulates cancer through mechanisms such as suppressing inflammation (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), enhancing anti-tumor immunity (CD8+ T cells, NK cells), promoting apoptosis (Bax/caspase-3), and inhibiting metastasis-related genes (MMP2, IGF1R), with some mechanisms preliminarily validated in humans.