Furthermore, many of these agents regulate key signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT, p53, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, and the tumor microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and neoplasm.