CASP9 and acute myeloid leukemia: In recent years, multiple studies have highlighted the crucial role of flavonoids in AML treatment, acting through mechanisms such as inhibiting the VEGFR2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulating Bcl-2 protein levels, and activating apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase-9 and caspase-3 [32,33,34,35].