Perhaps, the greater up-regulation of PTEN counters the effects of GDF15 up-regulation, as activation of PTEN expression has been implicated to reverse the influence of GDF15 on melanoma and promote host immune responses through the negative regulation of the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF [56,58]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and melanoma.