CCL5 and Huntington disease: NPC transplantation demonstrates biphasic efficacy in HD models (Figure 5B): during the acute phase (0–4 weeks), CCL5 (Chemokine C-C motif Ligand 5)-mediated suppression of inflammation expands populations of repair-associated microglia populations; in the chronic-phase (8–12 weeks), synaptic density recovers via BDNF-TrkB signaling and enhanced mHTT clearance through LAMP2A (Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2)-driven chaperone-assisted autophagy [35,134].