HMOX1 and diabetic kidney disease: The authors concluded: (1) CGA mitigates diabetic renal oxidative stress via regulating the Nrf2 pathway; (2) CGA relieves diabetic renal inflammation by inhibiting NF-ĸB pathway; (3) CGA-induced activation of Nrf2/HO-1 interacts with the inhibition of NF-ĸB, as each begets and amplifies the other; (4) CGA could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy [43].