NLRP3 and cancer: Li et al. used a murine in vitro model to verify that IOPSs could promote the AOM/DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and further verified the upregulation of ASC, caspase-1, and NLRP3 protein levels by IOPSs, which also enhanced the secretion of cytokine in tumor cells IL-1β and IL-18, thus illustrating a potential therapeutic role of IOPSs for colitis-associated cancer, and the effect of IOPSs is most obvious at high concentrations (150 μg/mL) [41].