TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Pang et al. reported that the therapeutic effects of Atractylodes koreana on RA may be attributed to its ability to downregulate inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and high-sensitivity CRP, as well as restore balance to the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in rats models [69].