Yang et al. elucidated the general mechanisms by which the TGF-β family contributes to immune evasion [14], and Ehata et al. reviewed the role of BMP signaling in cancer [43], indirectly supporting the notion that GDF6 may regulate tumor immune microenvironment modulators like PD-L1 and CXCL12. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and neoplasm.