Blood-based biomarkers, including plasma Aβ, neurofilament light (NfL), and p-tau isoforms (e.g., p-tau181, p-tau217), have emerged as promising alternatives due to recent advancements enabling non-invasive measurement with high diagnostic accuracy, correlating with amyloid and tau PET findings and predicting cognitive decline [109]. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Mental deterioration.