As sequence-specific aptamersbind to cancer cell receptors, andROS act as cytotoxic agents toward cancer cells, aptananozymes consistingof cancer cell targeting aptamers conjugated to ROS generating nanozymeswere proposed as selective catalysts for chemodynamic treatment ofcancer cells. This is exemplified in Figure A with the synthesisof antinucleolin aptamer (AS1411)- or anti-MUC-1 aptamer-functionalizedCe4+-C-dots and their use for the chemodynamic treatmentof cancer cells. Here, MUC1 is linked to cancer.