INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity and overweight pose a significant global health concern,affecting millions of people, including both adults and children.Obesity is strongly linked with dyslipidemia, characterized by elevatedblood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol, andis also a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Historically, type 2 diabetes has been treatedwith metformin, which remains a first-line therapy alongside sulfonylureas,thiazolidinediones, and insulin.−,  Insulin is also a medicinecommonly used to control glucose levels.