TNF and colitis: To further confirm the effect of mMCP-4 on colitis, we next examined the production of the associated chemokines KC/CXCL1, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1a/CCL3, MIP-1b/CCL4, RANTES/CCL5, CCL11, G-CSF, and GM-CSF; proinflammatory cytokines IL-1a, IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6; Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12; Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13; Th17 cytokine IL-17A; and IL-12p40 in colon tissue of experimental mice.